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What is "Bottleneck"?

In transportation terminology, a bottleneck is a narrow section of road or intersection that impedes the flow of traffic.

What is the "Multimodal Transport"?

Multi-modal transport (CMT) is defined as the delivery of goods loaded from one country to the buyer by another transportation method, according to the United Nations International Convention on Multi-Modal Transport. In short, while defining CMT as the international transportation of goods with at least two different transportation methods, it is also important to know that these cargoes are transferred from the containers they are in (Container) to other containers when changing the mode.

What is the "Intermodal Transport"?

Intermodal Transport (IMT) is the name given to the mode of transport using at least two different modes of transport without changing the transport container.

What are the differences between Multimodal Transport and Intermodal Transport?

Since these two concepts are very close to each other, usage errors often occur. Therefore, it is necessary to know some basic differences between the two concepts.

In fact, there is often no harm in using the two terms interchangeably, but there are some fundamental differences in terms of both legal use of the concepts (service contracts, their place in the legislation, etc.) and their practical use. Most of the time, the concept of "multimodal transport (MMT)" includes the concept of "intermodal transport (IMT)". On the other hand, there is no air transportation in IMT. Below you can examine the most basic differences between these two concepts.

The main factor that distinguishes these two transportation systems from each other is whether the cargoes are transferred from one container to another.
In Multimodal Transport, a single carrier company is responsible for the entire logistics process and operation from the point of departure to the destination of the cargo. In the Intermodal Transport model, more than one carrier is involved in the operation process.
In Multi-Modal Transport, logistics service change is provided by transferring the cargoes from the transport containers they are in to other transport containers (handling of bulk cargo / cargoes). In Intermodal Transport, there is no change in the transport containers of the cargo and the cargo is transferred to another logistics service (where the transport containers are handled) together with its existing container.
In Multimodal Transport, there may be a combination of all types of logistics services, depending on the need. Intermodal Transport, on the other hand, generally uses rail, sea and road services.
The Intermodal Transport type begins with the road.

What is RO-RO, what are its advantages?

While Ro-Ro is used as an abbreviation of the words “roll on – roll off” in English, Ro-Ro transportation means the transportation of wheeled vehicles as a word meaning. The transportation of land vehicles (motor vehicles with running gear) that need to be transported over long distances by sea is provided by Ro-Ro type ships.

Loading the vehicles to be transported on Ro-Ro ships and unloading them at the destination takes place at Ro-Ro ports. For this reason, the stops of these ships are chosen as Ro-Ro ports instead of ordinary ports. Although there are 174 ports and piers in Türkiye, Ro-Ro transportation is possible in 14 of them. From Türkiye, it is possible to reach 6 European ports via Ro-Ro lines from Tuzla/Pendik (3), Yalova, Mersin and Çeşme. Before the Russia-Ukraine War, regular Ro-Ro voyages were made to 4 ports in Russia and Ukraine in the Black Sea with Samsun, Karasu ports, but the traffic here decreased considerably due to the war. In addition to these, Ro-Ro trips to the countries in the Mediterranean can be made via Mersin, İzmir and Trieste lines. Some of the active Ro-Ro routes in Türkiye are; Cesme-Trieste, Tasucu-Girne, Iskenderun-Duba, Yalova-Sete.

This type of transportation is preferred in places where other transportation modes are not economical and especially where there is no or very difficult vehicle passage by road. Due to the problems experienced in the country customs (waiting times, traffic jams, document incompatibility, etc.) during transit passes from the countries on the route, these risks are eliminated by choosing the seaway for the transfer of wheeled vehicles and transporting them with Ro-Ro transportation.

At this point, it is necessary to mention the benefits of Ro-Ro transportation and the advantages it offers to contractor companies;

As in Ro-La transportation, the vehicles transported on Ro-Ro ships move without stopping until they reach their destination, thereby increasing the safety of goods. along the way safety is provided by the ship. In fact, it can be viewed as a much more reliable alternative to Ro-La transportation.

Vehicles transported on Ro-Ro ships are less likely to be damaged due to external factors. However, in vehicles transported by other methods, the possibility of being scratched in any shake or similar situation is quite high.

The process of loading vehicles on Ro-Ro ships takes much shorter than other methods. Ro-Ro transportation advantages are generally aimed at saving time for businesses.

What is RO-LA, what are its advantages?

It is a combined transportation method that starts with road transportation and ends when the cargo (TIR-Truck) is loaded on wagons and transported by rail for long distances with or without accompaniment at a more affordable cost, and then continues on the road again. It is an abbreviation of "Rollende Landstrasse" in German. It means "Rolling/Walking Road" in Turkish. This term is used because the rubber vehicles standing on the wagon on the outgoing train look like they are walking in a single line, just like on a band.

RO-LA transportation is mostly used in geographies where railway lines are common and especially in transit. It is widely used in the European Continent. However, considering that the loads transported by trains are not only containers or goods, but also vehicles, it can be understood that the reason for choosing this mode of transportation is that the goods reaching their destination will be transported for a shorter distance. Although this mode of transport can be costly in places due to the type of cargo carried (truck-truck), it provides advantages on some routes with regular traffic flow.

What are the advantages?

• In this type of transportation, reducing fuel consumption and exemption from tolls increase efficiency while saving costs.

• Time is also saved by removing traffic congestion and day off restrictions. A ROLA journey is considered a legal rest period.

• Property safety is increased by the continuous progress of trains until they reach their destination.

• It is an environmentally friendly type of transportation due to the use of railway as a mode of transportation.

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